{ "dataset_name": "US AI Liability Insurance Carrier Comparison", "dataset_version": "1.0.0", "published": "2026-07-04", "last_full_verification": "2026-07-04", "disclaimer": "This comparison is informational only. It is not insurance advice, legal advice, or a recommendation of any policy. Coverage terms, limits, and availability change frequently and vary by state and by insured. Always verify current terms directly with the carrier or a licensed broker before making any coverage decision.", "changelog": [ { "date": "2026-07-04", "entry": "Initial publication. 12 products compiled and source-verified from carrier announcements, Lloyd's market press, and trade coverage. CFC row flagged pending primary-source verification." } ], "products": [ { "id": "armilla-vanguard", "name": "Armilla Affirmative AI Liability / Vanguard AI", "underwriter": "Chaucer and other Lloyd's underwriters (Armilla as Lloyd's coverholder)", "launched": "April 2025 (affirmative AI liability); February 2026 (Vanguard AI coordinated structure)", "category": "Standalone AI liability", "coverage_summary": "First affirmative AI liability policy. Triggered by AI underperformance: hallucinations, model drift, mechanical failures, and critical errors leading to damages. Includes legal defence and liability. Vanguard AI pairs dedicated AI aggregate limits with cyber limits under predefined allocation rules for mixed cyber/AI scenarios. A separate Armilla Guaranteed product provides a performance warranty paying compensation if the AI fails contractual KPIs such as accuracy or bias thresholds.", "what_it_covers": [ "Hallucinations and critical AI errors causing damages", "Model drift", "Mechanical failures of AI systems", "Legal defence costs and liability", "Performance warranty option (Armilla Guaranteed) for contractual KPI failures" ], "limits": "$25M+ dedicated AI aggregate limits alongside $10M cyber (Vanguard AI structure)", "target_segment": "Enterprise AI vendors and deployers", "how_to_buy": "Surplus lines broker; Armilla requires an AI system assessment/certification before writing a policy", "geography": "US insureds; global territorial limits", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/armilla-launches-affirmative-ai-liability-insurance-with-lloyds-underwriter-chaucer-302442586.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.armilla.ai/ai-insurance", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "limits", "source_url": "https://www.chaucergroup.com/news/press-release-chaucer-and-armilla-ai-launch-vanguard-ai-coordinated-insurance-structure", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://www.armilla.ai/resources/armilla-launches-affirmative-ai-liability-insurance-with-lloyds-underwriter-chaucer", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://www.armilla.ai/ai-insurance", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "geography", "source_url": "https://www.armilla.ai/resources/armilla-launches-affirmative-ai-liability-insurance-with-lloyds-underwriter-chaucer", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "munichre-aisure-mosaic", "name": "Munich Re aiSure (direct and via Mosaic Insurance)", "underwriter": "Munich Re; distributed and underwritten via Mosaic Insurance cyber specialists since February 2026", "launched": "2018 (Munich Re aiSure); February 2026 (Mosaic partnership)", "category": "AI performance guarantee", "coverage_summary": "AI performance guarantee insurance. No negligence allegation needed: breach of a predefined performance threshold triggers payout, similar to a parametric structure. Covers financial loss from defined AI performance failures, with claims settled on measurable performance data. Underwriting focuses on the model itself rather than the insured's industry.", "what_it_covers": [ "Financial loss from defined AI performance failures", "Breach of predefined performance thresholds (no negligence allegation required)", "Backstop for contractual performance promises made by AI vendors" ], "limits": "Up to USD/EUR/CAD 15M initial capacity via Mosaic", "target_segment": "AI developers and vendors who need to backstop contractual performance promises", "how_to_buy": "Broker to Mosaic or Munich Re", "geography": "Worldwide (Mosaic capacity for AI developers and vendors)", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.munichre.com/en/solutions/for-industry-clients/insure-ai.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.mosaicinsurance.com/underwriting/aisure/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "limits", "source_url": "https://www.mosaicinsurance.com/resources/press-releases/~/mosaic-partners-with-munich-res-aisure-to-provide-pioneering-coverage-for-ai-vendors/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/ti/news/mosaic-partners-with-munich-res-aisure-to-launch-ai-performance-cover-2026-02-27/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://www.reinsurancene.ws/mosaic-and-munich-re-introduce-ai-specific-insurance-for-developers/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "geography", "source_url": "https://www.mosaicinsurance.com/resources/press-releases/~/mosaic-partners-with-munich-res-aisure-to-provide-pioneering-coverage-for-ai-vendors/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "testudo", "name": "Testudo GenAI Liability", "underwriter": "Lloyd's panel including Apollo, Atrium, and QBE (Testudo as MGA, Lloyd's Lab-backed)", "launched": "January 2026", "category": "Standalone AI liability", "coverage_summary": "Generative AI liability insurance for vendors and deployers of AI. Covers third-party claims arising from AI-generated outputs, including hallucinations, model drift, and deviations from expected behavior, plus legal costs and damages in scenarios where CGL may not respond. Underwriting uses a proprietary platform mining AI litigation, regulatory, and incident data.", "what_it_covers": [ "Third-party claims from AI-generated outputs", "Hallucinations", "Model drift and deviations from expected behavior", "Legal costs and damages where CGL may not respond" ], "limits": "$9.25M per insured (expanded February/March 2026 with Atrium and QBE capacity)", "target_segment": "Mid-market US; vendors and deployers of AI", "how_to_buy": "Broker placement via Testudo (MGA)", "geography": "US focus (mid-market)", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.reinsurancene.ws/testudo-launches-ai-insurance-underwriting-platform-backed-by-lloyds-lab/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.atrium-uw.com/atrium-commit-more-capacity-to-generative-ai-liability-insurance/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "limits", "source_url": "https://fintech.global/2026/03/09/testudo-expands-ai-liability-capacity-to-9-25m/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://www.testudo.co/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/cyber-risk/news/testudo-adds-atrium-and-qbe-capacity-to-genai-liability-cover-2026-02-25/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "geography", "source_url": "https://www.testudo.co/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "hsb-smb", "name": "HSB AI Liability Insurance for Small Businesses", "underwriter": "HSB (a Munich Re subsidiary)", "launched": "Announced 2026-03-18", "category": "Standalone AI liability (SMB, distributed via partner carriers)", "coverage_summary": "First standalone AI liability product for small and mid-sized businesses. Covers lawsuits arising from the use of AI, including bodily injury, property damage, and advertising injury from AI-generated advertising, marketing, blogs, and social media. Designed to fill gaps that general liability policies exclude.", "what_it_covers": [ "Lawsuits from use of AI", "Bodily injury and property damage arising from AI use", "Advertising injury from AI-generated advertising, marketing, blogs, and social media" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "Small and mid-sized businesses (SMB)", "how_to_buy": "Not sold direct. Added to business policies of carriers that partner with HSB, pending state regulatory approval", "geography": "US, subject to state regulatory approval", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.munichre.com/hsb/en/press-and-publications/press-releases/2026/2026-03-18-introducing-ai-liability-insurance-for-small-businesses.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.theinsurer.com/ti/news/hsb-introduces-ai-liability-insurance-for-small-and-mid-sized-businesses-2026-03-18/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://www.munichre.com/hsb/en/press-and-publications/press-releases/2026/2026-03-18-introducing-ai-liability-insurance-for-small-businesses.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://www.reinsurancene.ws/munich-res-hsb-launches-ai-liability-insurance-for-small-businesses/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "geography", "source_url": "https://www.reinsurancene.ws/munich-res-hsb-launches-ai-liability-insurance-for-small-businesses/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "aiuc", "name": "AIUC AI Agent Insurance (AIUC-1 certified)", "underwriter": "The Artificial Intelligence Underwriting Company (AIUC)", "launched": "Launched with $15M funding; first live deployment February 2026 (ElevenLabs voice agents)", "category": "Vendor-bundled AI agent insurance with certification standard", "coverage_summary": "Combines the AIUC-1 certification standard (5,000+ adversarial simulations across security, safety, reliability, privacy, and accountability) with insurance for AI agents. ElevenLabs became the first to go live with AIUC-1-backed agent insurance for voice agents deployed via ElevenAgents, an early example of insurance bundled by the AI vendor.", "what_it_covers": [ "Insurance for AI agents backed by AIUC-1 certification", "Certification spans security, safety, reliability, privacy, and accountability testing" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "Enterprises deploying AI agents; AI vendors bundling insurance with their product", "how_to_buy": "Via AIUC or bundled by participating AI vendors (for example ElevenLabs ElevenAgents); AIUC-1 certification required before insuring an agent", "geography": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-artificial-intelligence-underwriting-company-launches-with-15m-to-help-enterprises-deploy-ai-with-confidence-302512447.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://aiuc.com/research/elevenlabs-secures-first-of-its-kind-ai-agent-insurance", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-artificial-intelligence-underwriting-company-launches-with-15m-to-help-enterprises-deploy-ai-with-confidence-302512447.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://elevenlabs.io/blog/aiuc-announcement", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "vouch-corix", "name": "Vouch AI Insurance (with Corix, a Hiscox division)", "underwriter": "Corix (acquired by Hiscox, August 2025); Vouch operates as distributor/broker", "launched": "Vouch AI Insurance line for startups; Corix sold to Hiscox August 2025", "category": "Cyber/E&O endorsement tier (startup-focused AI coverage)", "coverage_summary": "AI insurance for startups: AI E&O covering hallucinations, algorithmic bias and discrimination, regulatory investigation defence costs, and IP infringement claims arising from AI systems. Note: Vouch is engaged in ongoing litigation with rival Corgi; coverage positions should be confirmed directly.", "what_it_covers": [ "AI E&O (hallucinations)", "Algorithmic bias and discrimination", "Regulatory investigation defence costs", "IP infringement claims from AI systems" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "VC-backed AI startups", "how_to_buy": "Direct via Vouch (digital broker/distributor)", "geography": "US", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.vouch.us/technology/ai", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "underwriter", "source_url": "https://www.hiscox.com/articles/hiscox-agrees-acquire-us-based-specialist-insurtech", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://coverager.com/vouch-introduces-ai-insurance/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://www.vouch.us/technology/ai", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "relm-novaai", "name": "Relm NOVAAI", "underwriter": "Relm Insurance (Bermuda specialty)", "launched": "January 2025", "category": "Cyber + tech E&O for AI companies", "coverage_summary": "Cyber and technology E&O coverage built for AI platform and product companies, one of three AI liability solutions Relm launched in January 2025.", "what_it_covers": [ "Cyber coverage for AI platform/product companies", "Technology E&O for AI platform/product companies" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "AI platform and product companies", "how_to_buy": "Broker to Relm (Bermuda specialty market)", "geography": "Bermuda specialty market; verify admitted/surplus status for US insureds", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/relm-insurance-launches-ai-liability-solutions-to-address-emerging-risks-in-the-ai-ecosystem-302349673.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/relm-insurance-launches-ai-liability-solutions-to-address-emerging-risks-in-the-ai-ecosystem-302349673.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://www.reinsurancene.ws/relm-launches-new-insurance-solutions-for-ai-liability/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "relm-pontaai", "name": "Relm PONTAAI", "underwriter": "Relm Insurance (Bermuda specialty)", "launched": "January 2025", "category": "Excess DIC wrap for AI exclusions", "coverage_summary": "Excess difference-in-conditions (DIC) wrap for deployers whose existing insurance programs exclude AI. Covers professional negligence, IP infringement, personal injury, discrimination, privacy, bodily injury and property damage, and AI regulation violations. The most direct market answer to the 2026 AI exclusion wave.", "what_it_covers": [ "Professional negligence", "IP infringement", "Personal injury", "Discrimination", "Privacy", "Bodily injury and property damage", "AI regulation violations" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "AI deployers whose existing programs exclude AI", "how_to_buy": "Broker to Relm (Bermuda specialty market)", "geography": "Bermuda specialty market; verify admitted/surplus status for US insureds", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/relm-insurance-launches-ai-liability-solutions-to-address-emerging-risks-in-the-ai-ecosystem-302349673.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://relminsurance.com/relms-pontaai-solution-ai-insurance-coverage-beyond-existing-liability-programs/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "target_segment", "source_url": "https://relminsurance.com/relms-pontaai-solution-ai-insurance-coverage-beyond-existing-liability-programs/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "relm-rescaai", "name": "Relm RESCAAI", "underwriter": "Relm Insurance (Bermuda specialty)", "launched": "January 2025", "category": "First-party AI loss coverage", "coverage_summary": "First-party coverage for AI-related losses: business interruption, reputational harm, product recall, and incident response.", "what_it_covers": [ "Business interruption", "Reputational harm", "Product recall", "Incident response" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "Companies exposed to first-party AI losses", "how_to_buy": "Broker to Relm (Bermuda specialty market)", "geography": "Bermuda specialty market; verify admitted/surplus status for US insureds", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/relm-insurance-launches-ai-liability-solutions-to-address-emerging-risks-in-the-ai-ecosystem-302349673.html", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.reinsurancene.ws/relm-launches-new-insurance-solutions-for-ai-liability/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "coalition", "name": "Coalition Affirmative AI Endorsement", "underwriter": "Coalition (cyber MGA)", "launched": "Affirmative AI endorsement announced 2025; deepfake reputational-harm coverage December 2025", "category": "Cyber endorsement (AI as attack vector, not AI output liability)", "coverage_summary": "Affirmative AI endorsement on US surplus and Canada cyber policies. Expands the security failure and data breach definition to include AI security events. December 2025 addition: deepfake reputational-harm coverage. Important scope distinction: this covers AI as an attack vector, not liability for your own AI's outputs.", "what_it_covers": [ "AI security events (expanded security failure / data breach definition)", "Deepfake reputational-harm coverage (December 2025)" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "Cyber policyholders (US surplus and Canada)", "how_to_buy": "Via Coalition cyber policy (broker-distributed)", "geography": "US surplus lines and Canada", "notable_exclusions": "Does not cover AI output liability; scope limited to AI as attack vector", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.coalitioninc.com/announcements/coalition-adds-new-affirmative-ai-endorsement-to-cyber-policies", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "geography", "source_url": "https://www.coalitioninc.com/announcements/coalition-adds-new-affirmative-ai-endorsement-to-cyber-policies", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "notable_exclusions", "source_url": "https://www.coalitioninc.com/announcements/coalition-adds-new-affirmative-ai-endorsement-to-cyber-policies", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "embroker", "name": "Embroker AI Coverage Endorsement", "underwriter": "Embroker (digital broker); underwriting carrier not disclosed in cited source", "launched": "2025-08-05", "category": "Tech E&O / cyber endorsement (automatic on eligible quotes)", "coverage_summary": "AI Coverage Endorsement automatically included on eligible tech E&O and cyber quotes in the Embroker Startup Program since August 5, 2025.", "what_it_covers": [ "AI coverage endorsement on eligible tech E&O quotes", "AI coverage endorsement on eligible cyber quotes" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "Startups (Embroker Startup Program)", "how_to_buy": "Direct via Embroker digital platform; automatic on eligible quotes", "geography": "US", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "verified", "cells": [ { "field": "launched", "source_url": "https://www.embroker.com/blog/embroker-launches-ai-coverage/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.embroker.com/blog/embroker-launches-ai-coverage/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" }, { "field": "how_to_buy", "source_url": "https://www.embroker.com/blog/embroker-launches-ai-coverage/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] }, { "id": "cfc", "name": "CFC Tech E&O (AI positioning unverified)", "underwriter": "CFC", "launched": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "category": "Tech E&O (frequently cited as relatively AI-tolerant; no standalone AI product identified)", "coverage_summary": "No standalone AI product surfaced in our research sweep. CFC's tech E&O is frequently cited in the market as relatively AI-tolerant, but its current AI positioning and policy wording have not yet been verified against primary sources. Treat this row as pending until primary-source verification completes.", "what_it_covers": [ "Not disclosed / verify with carrier" ], "limits": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "target_segment": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "how_to_buy": "Broker to CFC", "geography": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "notable_exclusions": "Not disclosed / verify with carrier", "status": "needs_primary_verification", "cells": [ { "field": "coverage_summary", "source_url": "https://www.cfc.com/", "last_verified": "2026-07-04" } ] } ] }